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Odessa (Russian: Оде́сса [ɐˈdʲesə]) or Odesa (Ukrainian: Оде́са [oˈdɛsɐ]) is is the third most populous city and municipality in the south-west of Ukraine, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. A major seaport and transport hub, the city is also the administrative centre and multi-ethnic cultural centre. Under the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, Odesa is sometimes called the "pearl of the Black Sea. In 2021, its population was 1,015,826.